金沙江流域(云南境内)山地灾害危险性评价   总被引：14，自引：1，他引：14  

唐川 《山地学报》2004,22(4):451-460

云南境内的金沙江流域是斜坡不稳定的敏感区,根据1988-2000年的区域调查和统计,区内发育山地灾害点1697处,其中流域面积大于1km2的泥石流沟808条,体积大于1×104m3的滑坡580处,体积大于1000m3的崩塌309处。用于山地灾害危险性评价的主要敏感因子包括岩土体类型、山坡坡度、降雨、土地利用、地震烈度和人类活动。在对这些因子进行了敏感性评价的基础上,应用GIS对敏感因子集成评价而产生了云南金沙江流域山地灾害危险性评价图。评价结果表明:高危险区面积占全区面积6464km2的8 77%,中危险区占全区总面积的41 51%,低危险区占41 12%,无危险区占8 60%。山地灾害危险性评价图可以帮助规划者或工程师在土地发展规划中选择最佳建设场所,以减轻灾害的影响。  相似文献   

川西亚高山三个森林群落的湿林冠蒸发速率     

杨万勤  王开运  肖玲 《山地学报》2004,22(5):598-605

于3个假说和林冠上方2m处的气象变量，采用Penman-Monteith组合模型估算了一个生长季节内川西亚高山林区分别以云杉(SF)、冷杉(FF)和白桦(BF)为优势树种的3个林分的湿林冠蒸发速率(Er)。研究结果表明，SF、FF和BF的湿林冠蒸发量(E)分别为44．51mm、88．51mm和57．8mm，分别占总降雨量的9．2％、16．6％和10．2％。与SF和BF相比，FF具有最高的月平均Er和蒸发比例。SF、FF和BF的平均Er分别为0．097mm／h(变化范围：0．028-0．487mm／h)、0．242mm／h(变化范围：0．068～0．711mm／h)和0．149mm／h(0．060～0．576mm／h)。最高和最低的月平均Er分别在6月(SF、FF和BF分别为0．120mm／h、0．317mm／h和0．169mm／h)和10月(SF、FF和BF分别为0．083mm／h、0．187mm／h和0．101mm／h)。8：00至16：00期间的平均点Er显著高于0：00至8：00以及16：00至0：00期间的平均Er。Er显著的日变化和月变化主要归因于林冠上方的太阳辐射、空气温度和相对湿度的变化。  相似文献   

嘉陵江流域旅游开发   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

游勇  文学菊 《山地学报》2004,22(5):633-636

在研究嘉陵江流域旅游资源优势和开发现状的基础上，针对目前该流域旅游发展现状和存在的问题，提出了具体的应对措施，以期能为该流域的旅游开发提供参考。  相似文献   

渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲50 a来农业开发及所引发的生态问题探析   总被引：6，自引：5，他引：6  

满苏尔·沙比提  海鹰  帕尔哈提·艾孜木 《中国沙漠》2004,24(3):349-354

从渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲50a来农业开发与生态建设的过程看，人工绿洲耕作农业的生产力水平有较显著的提高，人工绿洲生态也得到了改善。主要表现是单位面积生产力水平提高，农田防护林体系初步建立，水利工程建设得到加强，生活能源的短缺得到改进。但从流域的绿洲农业经济发展与生态环境建设仍存在一些不协调的问题。主要是农田施肥重化肥轻有机肥，土壤肥力不高；灌区中游重灌轻排，灌排不协调，盐渍化面积有所扩大；流域下游由于缺水和人为等因素使天然绿洲的稳定性受到威胁，天然林的绿色屏障作用大为削弱等。对此必须引起足够重视，逐步加以协调，才能实现绿洲农业经济的可持续发展。  相似文献   

洛川黄土剖面中矿物固定态铵的分布   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

饶文波  李晓彪  高振敏  罗泰义 《中国沙漠》2004,24(6):685-688

对洛川黄土中的固定铵进行了初步分析。结果表明,在所测定的黄土古土壤层中,固定铵态氮含量在130-1之间变化。黄土中的固定铵态氮含量明显低于古土壤。13万a以来洛川黄土剖面中固定铵的分布呈～210现三次大的低高值的振荡特征,即末次间冰期S1古土壤中固定铵态氮含量最高,其次为冰后期的S0古土壤层,末次冰期形成的马兰黄土中固定铵态氮含量最低;在马兰黄土中同样体现出三次小的低高值的波动特征。黄土与μm组分的分布具有相似性,这些特征反映了洛川黄土中固定铵态氮的含量变化与气互层的古土壤中固定态铵的分布与黄土高原区气候的冷暖变化有较好的一致性,并且13万a以来洛川黄土剖面中固定铵的分布与磁化率和<2候条件有紧密的联系,揭示了黄土中固定铵的变化在一定程度上能指示黄土高原区古气候的演变。  相似文献   

A GIS Analysis to Evaluate Areas Suitable for Crushed Stone Aggregate Quarries in New England,USA     

Robinson  Gilpin R.  Kapo  Katherine E.  Raines  Gary L. 《Natural Resources Research》2004,13(3):143-159

Aggregate is a low unit-value mineral commodity. Costs to move aggregate from the mine site to the point of use is a large fraction of the resource cost to users. Production sites for aggregate occur where suitable source materials exist and where transportation and market conditions are favorable. The increasing demand for aggregate and the difficulty of developing and permitting new sites and of renewal of permits on existing sites of aggregate production indicates that aggregate will be supplied from sources yet to be developed or delineated in many areas. Site development and permitting for aggregate production is difficult because many land management plans and zoning actions fail to anticipate prospective source areas for aggregate in a way that is consistent with both the source rock quality and the transportation and socioeconomic factors that define the economic viability of the industry. Spatial analysis provides a method to integrate both geology and economic (transportation and marketplace) parameters in a regional model. Weights of evidence (WofE) analysis has been used to measure the spatial correlation of geologic map, transportation network, and population data with current production sites for crushed stone aggregate in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Weighted logistic regression (WLR) is used with the WofE results to rank areas in terms of their relative suitability for production of crushed stone. Spatial analysis indicates that 85% of the 106 crushed stone aggregate quarries in New England are sited within 1.6 km (1 mile) of either a principal highway or rail line in the region. Seventy-eight percent of crushed stone aggregate quarries are sited in census tracts with population densities exceeding 100 people/mile². These relations illustrate the importance of proximity to both transportation corridors and developing areas where aggregate is predominately used. Only one active crushed stone quarry is located in a census tract with a population density less than 15 people/mile², reflecting the lack of sufficient market demand in many rural areas to develop an operation there. However, since 1990, almost all new quarries have been developed in census tracts with population densities less than 200 people/mile², indicating the difficulty of permitting new quarry sites in highly populated areas. Crushed stone aggregate is produced predominately from three hard rock types that are distributed widely in New England; 28% of sites use granitic rock, 25% use carbonate rocks, and 25% use mafic rock types that are categorized as trap rock by the aggregate industry. The other crushed stone aggregate sources include a variety of fine-grained metamorphic rock types. Carbonate rocks and Jurassic basalt (the primary trap rock source) are the most prevalent source rocks on an area-weighted basis. Spatial analysis can be used on a regional scale to rank areas by their relative suitabilityfor crushed stone aggregate production based on geology, transportation, and population parameters. The results of this regional analysis can identify areas for more detailed evaluation. As transportation or population features change, the model can be revised easily to reflect these changes.  相似文献   

The Singapore River thematic zone: sustainable tourism in an urban context   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Victor R Savage  Shirlena Huang  T C Chang 《The Geographical journal》2004,170(3):212-225

This paper explores the concept of sustainable tourism and how it applies to urban destinations such as Singapore. As tourism is an important industry in Singapore, in terms of employment, business activity and an income generator, the Singapore Tourism Board is continuously looking at potential avenues to make Singapore a competitive destination. We examine the use of thematic zones in Singapore as a strategy to achieve its ambition of becoming a tourism capital of the world. By focusing on a case study of the Singapore River thematic zone (one of the 11 thematic zones identified by the Singapore Tourism Board), we assess the viability of thematic zones in ensuring sustainable urban tourism. The paper closes with some theoretical reflections and policy implications arising from our key findings.  相似文献   

博斯腾湖向塔里木河输水风险分析方法   总被引：5，自引：7，他引：5  

左其亭  李静  马军霞  吴泽宁  王薇 《干旱区地理》2004,27(3):361-366

为了拯救塔里木河下游生态环境，塔里木河流域管理局根据博斯腾湖从1999年到2003年处于丰水期，湖泊处于高水位的有利时机，从2000年5月到2003年6月实施5次向塔里木河下游生态应急输水，结束塔里木河下游300多km河道近30年的断流历史。现在的问题是“博斯腾湖向塔里木河生态输水能否持续?”，“保证可持续输水的风险有多大?”本文以解决此问题为实例，介绍一般水库调节计算和水库特征水位确定方法；主要探讨水库(湖泊)向下游输水可持续性风险分析问题，提出的方法称为“水库输水可持续性风险计算时历试算法”，简称为“试算法”(T＆E方法)；并将此方法应用于实例中，计算博斯腾湖向塔里木河下游输水的可持续风险。  相似文献   

南极冰貌卫星影像条带噪声的剔除          下载免费PDF全文

鄂栋臣  沈强 《极地研究》2004,15(1):1-10

本文在简要叙述条带噪声形成原因的基础上 ,针对南极地区的ASTER 1A的可见光影像中出现的条带噪声的现象 ,通过设计了基于切比雪夫窗、凯瑟窗的FIR滤波器和约束最小二乘FIR滤波器对其条带噪声进行剔除 ,这两种滤波器能够尽可能地剔除条带 ,同时使影像的灰度分布发生最小畸变。并通过与其他方法 (例如 :低通滤波 ,直方图匹配等 )比较 ,说明这两种滤波的方法优于其他的方法  相似文献   

长江三角洲主要城市产业结构转换的综合评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈素青 《世界地理研究》2004,13(4):34-39,33

文章在对地区产业结构转换影响因素系统分析的基础上，采用定量分析方法，对长江三角洲15个主要城市的产业结构转换能力、产业转换速度、产业转换方向以及它们之间的关系进行探讨。研究表明：长江三角洲主要城市产业结构转换能力的区域差异明显，产业结构转换能力与区域经济发展所处阶段有很大的关系；产业结构转换能力、速度与经济发展水平呈正相关。  相似文献